In the daily operation of small lathes, "cut off" machining is a very common process. In order to ensure the accuracy and efficiency of processing, the reasonable selection of cutting tools has become a key skill that the operator must master. This article will explain in detail how to select the most suitable tool in the small lathe "cut" machining in four steps.

Step 1: Accurately grasp the handle size

In the case of small lathe "cutting" processing, the fit of the tool handle size is called the foundation of the foundation. The operator needs to check the tool handle size in detail to ensure that it matches the diameter of the workpiece to be cut. Given the wide variation in the requirements for the tool shank of different machine tools, it is important to check precisely against the interface specifications of the machine tool.

It is also important to confirm the "diameter of the material to be machined" and the "diameter of the workpiece during the cutting process", which is directly related to the effective avoidance of interference between the tool and the workpiece. After completing the above key confirmation steps, the operator should carefully select the corresponding cutting tool from the sample.

Step 2: carefully select the tool bar

In the selection of the tool bar, the operator needs to comprehensively consider the specific needs of the processing scene. Under normal circumstances, the use of "right hand design" tool bar is sufficient to meet most machining requirements. However, in some special scenarios, it is more appropriate to use the "left hand design" tool bar.

For example, when faced with a workpiece with a short total length and which cannot be stabilized by the tool holder of the auxiliary spindle, the "left-hand design" tool holder can play its unique advantages. In addition, if the machine lathe is used for processing, because this type of lathe will reverse the spindle, resulting in a change in the left and right direction, at this time, the "left hand design" tool bar is also more convenient to operate.

It is worth mentioning that the design of the long neck chuck bar is unique. It cleverly avoids interference between the main chuck and the tool bar, and can be precisely machined closer to the guide sleeve. For the workpiece rigidity is relatively weak cutting processing scenarios, this tool holder is undoubtedly the ideal choice.

Step 3: Choose the blade shape carefully

After selecting the tool stem, the next step is to carefully choose the shape of the blade. The blade shape is mainly divided into two types of cutting edge "with front Angle" and "without front Angle".

Generally speaking, "blade with front Angle" is the operator's conventional choice. However, in some special cutting scenes, "blades without front corners" are also used. "No front Angle blade" has many significant advantages: its cutting edge strength is higher, in the face of some hardness of the material or in the case of large cutting load, can be stably cut into the workpiece, to ensure the stability of processing; The chip can be smoothly discharged along the straight line, which greatly reduces the damage to the workpiece end face, and the wear of the cutting edge is more uniform, which helps to extend the service life of the tool.

And the "front corner blade" also has its unique advantages. Usually, when the auxiliary spindle chuck is not used and the workpiece is simply cut off, the use of "front Angle blade" can effectively reduce the residual points on the surface of the workpiece through the action of the front Angle of the tool during cutting; When processing small diameter workpieces, its advantages are also very obvious, the contact area between the cutting edge and the workpiece can be reduced, thus reducing the cutting resistance and effectively suppressing the deflection of the workpiece.

However, when using the "front corner blade", the operator also needs to pay attention to some matters. Due to the presence of the front Angle, the chip may be bent or irregularly discharged, which will cause certain damage to the end face of the workpiece.

Step 4: Scientifically determine the cutting width

The last step is to scientifically and reasonably choose the cutting width of the blade. There is a direct correlation between the cutting diameter and the cutting load, the larger the cutting diameter, the cutting load will increase. Therefore, the appropriate increase in the cutting width can improve the strength of the blade to a certain extent, so that it can better cope with the pressure during the cutting process.

In general, the recommended cutting width is "about 10% of the diameter of the material." The operator can flexibly adjust the cutting width according to the actual situation of the specific processing material, tool material and the power of the lathe to achieve the best processing effect.

In summary, in the "cutting" processing of small lathes, the choice of tools involves a number of key links. From the precise grasp of the handle size, to the careful selection of the tool rod, to the careful selection of the blade shape, and finally the scientific determination of the cutting width, every step is crucial. Only when the operator understands these points and flexibly uses them according to the actual processing scenarios, can the most suitable cutting tools be selected, so as to be comfortable in the "cutting" processing of the small lathe, ensuring the double improvement of processing quality and efficiency.